What is hydrogen embrittlement in stainless steel?

Hydrogen embrittlement is a phenomenon that occurs when hydrogen atoms permeate into the crystalline lattice of stainless steel, which leads to a reduction in the material's ductility and toughness. This can cause the material to fail prematurely under stress, such as in the case of metal fasteners that break under load.

The hydrogen can enter the stainless steel during manufacturing processes, such as pickling or electroplating, or during service conditions, such as exposure to hydrogen gas or water corrosion. The embrittlement can occur quickly, in a matter of hours or days, or it can take longer to develop and be detected.

To prevent hydrogen embrittlement in stainless steel, manufacturers can use low hydrogen processes such as annealing or stress relieving, or by adding alloying elements such as molybdenum or nickel to enhance the material's ability to resist hydrogen absorption. Additionally, proper maintenance and care of the stainless steel components can also prevent hydrogen embrittlement by reducing exposure to harmful chemicals and conditions.